O tematyce pisma informuje załączony niżej spis treści.

Mój wkład w tej publikacji: 

1. Partia numeru: Kacper Piorun-Walerij Newerow, Skopje 2019. (Partia hiszpańska C64).

2. Obrona skandynawska po 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Hxd5 3.Sc3 Hd6 – B01. (Część 1).

Alexander's reply always has to begin with a "No," the rest is just filling in the gaps with whatever crap that comes to mind. ?#thuglife https://t.co/Ik1btT2UV8

— Anish Giri (@anishgiri) 23 maja 2019

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Post udostępniony przez Niki Riga (@niki.riga) Maj 23, 2019 o 9:48 PDT

Autor: Andrzej Babiarz 2019

remis

Czarne mają hetmana, groźby matowe i dodatkowo pionka,

Obydwa białe pionki „w plecaku” buławę hetmańską.

Rozwiązanie w komentarzu.

Z szachowym pozdrowieniem

Andrzej Babiarz

Kontynuacja odcinka 1

The Soviet-Finnish war (also called the Winter War) waged in winter 1939 and 1940 took place close to Leningrad. Finland became a part of the Russian empire in 1809 when it was acquired by Tsar Alexander I, a vigilant ally of Napoleon Bonaparte, following the defeat of Swedes in a war. After the Bolshevist revolution Finns won independence. Peter´s town was situated less than 40 kilometers from the original border line between the former Finnish province and Russian governorates of the tsarist imperium. After 1918 the same border line separated the newly established sovereign Finnish state and the red Russia. Stalin never admitted – in his mind – that Russia stopped being entitled to control the territory formerly governed by Russian monarchs.  Similarly as he never acknowledged the independence of the Baltic countries, he planned to subjugate Finland again too. However, Finnish people did not rush to the arms of the bloody tyrant. During the tsarist era they experienced enough oppression and violent Russification. They correctly assumed that the Stalinist rule would be even worse. However, Soviet rulers confronted themselves with their Finnish neighbours also because of their fear that Leningrad could be easily attacked from the Baltic Sea coast as well as via the Karelian Isthmus.

Since unyielding Fins refused to fulfil all Soviet ultimata, a conflict that almost fulfilled the scenario of a fight between David and Goliath broke out. The Red Army – much stronger in terms of equipment and manpower – planned to terminate the resistance of the Finish dwarf quickly. However, poorly trained and very badly controlled Red Army troops proved to be completely unprepared for fights in the Arctic zone. Moreover, they were surprised by the toughness of Finnish soldiers whose moral was strengthened by the feeling that it was more than fair to protect their country against an impudent aggressor and who were masterfully commanded by national hero, Marshal Mannerheim. Small groups of Finish soldiers quickly moving on skis managed to slow down all Soviet divisions. Worth mentioning is Finish platoon sergeant Simo Häyhä, the best sniper of modern military history; he was nicknamed “the white death” and he hit more than 500 enemies. No wonder that Russians were very afraid of Finish snipers. Russian soldiers called them cuckoos since they frequently hid in tall trees with dense tops. The Red Army staggered along the Finish defence lines like a giant blinded by snowstorms, bleeding from many small, but painful wounds. Their numerous heavy steel weapons got stuck in frozen Karelian taiga.

One of the victims of this useless and stupidly waged war was Viktor’s step-uncle, brother of Róza Abramovna (another brother of Viktor’s step-mother died right at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War). Russian soldiers who survived the war would recall charming winter sceneries in which the war took place: “Forests and a meter of show everywhere. Fins dressed in white camouflage cloaks used skis to move from one place to another; they suddenly appeared all around like angels…Fins managed to slit the throat of patrols and a whole company. There were dead soldiers everywhere lying in puddles of blood; so much of it poured from sleeping people. There was so much blood that it soaked through the one-meter-deep snowdrifts.”

Zdeněk Vybíral

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(zdjęcie z Internetu)

Zdeněk Vybíral napisał:

Jestem z zawodu historykiem i amatorem szachów (ELO około 2250). Przez wiele lat wykładałem na kilku czeskich uniwersytetach. Teraz pracuję w Muzeum Husyckim w Táborze.

Podczas mojej pracy przed laty w ZSRR spotkałem czeskie ślady Wiktora Korcznoja. To zmobilizowało mnie do napisania biografii o nim.

Ten temat wydaje mi się bardzo interesujący i obecnie jestem w trakcie zbierania materiałów o znakomitym arcymistrzu. Dlatego chciałbym wykorzystać w mojej publikacji informację zawartą w wpisie: link.

Załączam tekst z mojej planowanej książki (moja uwaga: opublikujemy to w częściach).

Life and Remarkable Acts of Viktor Korchnoi

1. Winter

Blockade

Three months after Viktor’s tenth birthday, Germans invaded the Soviet Union. The day of invasion, 22^nd June 1941, will probably always be considered one of the most difficult moments in modern Russian history. We cannot say that Soviet citizens did not expect the war.  On the contrary, the government propaganda kept preparing Soviet people for the war intensely. The war between Hitler and the rest of democratic Europe had raged for two years and it kept spreading over to more and more countries. The Soviet Union planned to join the fights only after both the parties would become exhausted in the bloody bath. The communist regime claimed that they intended to liberate the continent from fascism. However, Stalin in fact planned to execute the great Bolshevik dream – to spread the revolution over the Russian border and introduce the communist regime also in the rest of Europe. That would, at the same time, fulfill Stalin´s dream about the world rule.

Numerous Leningrad citizens had experienced three war conflicts at that time – the First World War which started in 1914, the Russian civil war in 1918-192, when Bolsheviks seized the former tsarist imperium and subsequently regained the control in fights against domestic and foreign enemies. However, they had to give up the Baltics and Finland. And it was Finland at which the Soviet Union directed its aggression in a short war that lasted from the end of November 1939 till the beginning of March 1940. The latter two war conflicts directly affected citizens of Petr’s town.

In October 1919 troops of the White Army led by General Nikolaj Nikolajevitsch Judenitsch set off against the bastion of the Bolshevik revolution. During the First World War Judenitsch successfully fought against Turks at the Caucasian battlefront where he kept winning individual battles in spite of the lack of means. During summer 1919, being supported by Britons and Americans, he gathered a small, but well trained troop with which he intended to conquer Petrograd. The plan failed.  Leon Trotsky, the chief commander of the Red Army, managed to bring reinforcement from Moscow, and to force Judenitsch  to wage  exhausting fights in the style of  trench warfare. That was exactly the kind of war that Judenitsch’s troops were not good at. Vainly did Judenitsch’s former colleague from the tsarist army, the Finnish Marshal Carl Mannerheim, offer help to Judenitsch. In spite of the fact that both the men were friends, Judenitsch refused to acknowledge that Finland was an independent country, by which acknowledgement Finns conditioned their offer to help.

As we learned from memoirs of Zena Azbel-Korchnoi the destiny of the Korchnoi family was adversely influenced by another white commander, General Anton Ivanovitsch Denikin,. The organizer and commander of the so called Army of Volunteers was for sure the most dangerous enemy of Bolsheviks. From his base in South Russia he attempted to attack Moscow, the heart of the Bolshevik government. However, Lenin’s management organized a daring diplomatic operation – they sent anarchist Ukrainian troops of Nestor Machna, a so called Black Army, against Denikin. Machno did not understand that Bolsheviks were an arch-enemy and a real threat for his country. Volunteer troops got involved in bloody fights in Ukraine during which both the parties unfortunately committed also frequent violent acts against civilian citizens. During one of such acts a bayonet of a Denikin’s soldier killed Viktor’s grandmother Cita Azbel.

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